the Father and the Son, an issue of identity (homoousias) or similarity (homoiousias) that nearly divided the empire and bifurcated the church into East and West. The sixteenth century conflict over Christ’s claim concerning the bread, “This is My body” (Matt 26:26), raised a question of metaphoric likeness or identity which trifurcated Western Christianity over the nature of the eucharist. Europe first defected from its Christian heritage (both Anselmic Catholic and Reformed) after L. Feuerbach’s